1.what is Anemia:
Anemia describes the condition in which the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood is low, for this reason, the doctor sometimes describe someone with low blood count
a person who has anemia is called anemic, the normal level of hemoglobin is generally different in male and in female
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| Anemia |
for men, a normal hemoglobin level is typically defined as a level of more than 13.5gram/100ml, and in women as hemoglobin of more than 12.0 gram/100ml
to understand completely what anemia is we also need to understand its all situation of anemia stated below
causes of anemia:
These are the causes of anemia;
1.BLOOD LOSS:
Blood loss is the most common cause of anemia, especially iron-deficiency anemia.
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| Blood loss |
blood loss can be short term or persist over time heavy menstrual period or bleeding in the digestive or urinary tract can cause blood loss.
if a lot of blood is lost, the body may lose enough red blood cells to cause anemia.
2.lack of red blood cell production:
both acquired and inherited conditions and factors can prevent your body from making enough red blood cells.
Acquired means you are not born with conditions, but you develop it.
Inherited means your parent passed the gene for the condition on to you.
Acquired conditions and factors that can lead to anemia include a poor diet, abnormal hormone levels, some chronic (ongoing) diseases, and pregnancy
3.Diet:
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| Diet |
Your Body Needs Hormones THE Erythropoietin (EH-RITH-RO-POY-EH-tin) to MAKE RED Blood cells.
THIS HORMONE STIMULATE THE BONE MARROW TO MAKE THESE CELLS.
A LOW LEVEL OF THIS HORMONE CAN LEAD TO ANEMIA.
4.Diseaes and Diseases Treatments:
chronic diseases like kidney disease and cancer can make it hard for your body to make enough red blood cells.
some cancer treatments may damage the bo0ne marrow and red blood cells' ability to carry oxygen if the bone marrow is damaged it cannot make red blood cells fast enough to replace the ones that die or are destroyed.
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| Diseases treatment |
people who have HIV /aids may develop anemia due to infections or medicines used to treat their diseases.
5.pregnancy:
anemia can occur during pregnancy due to low levels of iron and folic acid and changes in the blood.
During the first 6 months of pregnancy,
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| pregnancy |
the fluid portion of a women blood (the plasma)
increases faster than the numbers o0f red blood cells. this dilutes the blood and can lead to anemia
6.what is Aplastic Anemia:
some infants are born without the ability to make enough red blood cells. this condition is called aplastic anemia.
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| Aplastic anemia |
infanta and children who have aplastic anemia often need blood transfusions to increases the number of oof red blood cells in the blood.
acquired conditions aND FACTORS SUCH ASD CERTAIN MEDICINES ALSO CAN CAUSE APLASTIC ANEMIA
7.HIGH RATES OF RED BLOOD CELLS destruction:
BOTH ACQUIRED AND INHERITED CONDITIONS AND FACTORS CAN CAUSE YOUR BODY TPO DESTROY TOO MANY RED BLOOD CELLS.
ONE EXAMPLE OF AN ACQUIRED CONDITION IS AN ENLARGED OR DISEASED SPLEEN.
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| red blood cells destriction |
THE SPLEEN IS AN ORGAN THATYT REMOVES WORN OUT RED BLOOD CELLS FROM THE BODY.
IF THE SPLEEN IS ENLARGED OR DISLARGED, IT MAY REMOVE MORE RED BLOOD CELLS THAN NORMAL, CAUSING Anemial.
Types Of Anemia:
THE MOST COMMON types OF ANEMIA ARE;
⦁ IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
⦁ Thalassemia
⦁ Sickel cell anemia
⦁ pernicious anemia
⦁ Fanconi anemia
1.what is iron-deficiency anemia:
The most common form of anemia is iron deficiency anemia which is usually due to chronic blood loss caused by excessive menstruation.
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| Iron Deficiency |
increased demands for iron such aS FETAL GROWTH IN PREGNANCY AND CHILDREN UNDERGOING RAPID GROWTH SPURTS IN INFANCY AND ADOLESCENCE CAN ALSO CAUSE IRON DEFFICECYB ANEMIA
2.Thalasamia:
thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that causes the body to make fewer healthy red blood cells and less hemoglobin(an-iron protein in red blood cells ).
the two major types of thalassemia are alpha and Beta-thalassemia.
the most severe form of beta-thalassemia is known as thalassemia major or cooley anemia.
3.Sickel cell anemia:
sickle cell anemia is a serious disease in which the body makes sickle-shaped red blood cells.
normal red blood cells are disk-shaped and move easily through your blood vessels.
sickle cell contain abnormal hemoglobin that causes the cells to have a sickle shape, which does not move easily through the blood vessels - they are stiff and sticky and tend to form clumps and get cell anemia,
a lower-than-normal number of red blood cells occurs because sickle cells do not last very long.
sickle cells usually die after about 10 to 20 days and the body can not reproduce red blood cells fast enough to replace the dying ones, which causes anemia.
4.pernicious anemia:
pernicious anemia a condition in which the body can not make enough healthy red blood cells because it does not have enough vitamin B12(a nutrient found in certain foods).
people who have pernicious anemia can not absorb enough vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic factors (a protein made in the stomach ).
however, other conditions and factors can also cause vitamin B12 deficiency.
5.Fanconi anemia:
Fanconi anemia or fa is a rare, inherited blood disorder that leads to bone marrow failure.
fa is a type of aplastic anemia that prevents your bone marrow from making enough new blood cells for your body to work normally.
FA can also cause your bone marrow to make many abnormal blood cells. this can lead to serious health problems, such as Leukemia.
FA is a blood disorder, but it can also affect many of the body's organs, tissues, and systems.
Children who inherit FA are at higher risk of being born with birth defects and people who have FA are at higher risk of some cancers and other serious health problems.
FA is an unpredictable disease.
what are the Anemia Symptoms:
Because a low red blood cell count decreases oxygen delivery to every tissue in the body, anemia can cause a variety of signs and symptoms.
it can also worsen the symptoms of almost any other underlying medical condition.
if anemia is mild it may not cause any symptoms.
if anemia is slowly ongoing(chronic), the body may adapt and compensate for the change, in this case, there may not be any symptoms until the anemia becomes more severe
symptoms of anemia may include the following:
⦁ Fatigue
⦁ decreased energy
⦁ weakness
⦁ shortness of breath
⦁ lightheadedness
⦁ palpitations(feeling of the heart racing or beating irregularly)
⦁ looking pal
symptoms of severe anemia may include:
⦁ chest pain, angina, or heart attack
⦁ dizziness
⦁ fainting or passing out
⦁ rapid heart rate
some of the signs that may indicate anemia in an individual may include:
⦁ change in stool color, including black and tarry stools (sticky and foul-smelling), maroon-colored, or visibly bloody stools if the anemia is due to blood loss through the gastrointestinal tract;
⦁ pale or cold skin yellow skin called jaundice if anemia is due to red blood cell breakdown
⦁ enlargement of the spleen with a certain cause of anemia.
Treatment of anemia:
treating anemia entails treating the condition of low hemoglobin and
red blood cells in blood as well as detecting and treating the disease process that has lead to anemia, which may be continuous blood loss,
hemolytic anemia, iron deficiency, or increased demand states like pregnancy, are assessed and managed, the treatment remains incomplete.
Tanemia treatment depends on the cause:
⦁ iron-deficiency anemia:
treatment of anemia for this form of anemia usually involves taking iron supplements and making changes to your diet.
if the underlying cause of iron deficiency is the loss of blood- other than from menstruation- the source of the bleeding must be located and stopped. this may involve surgery
⦁ vitamin deficiency anemia:
treatment for folic acid and B-12 deficiency involves dietary supplements and increasing these digestive system has trouble absorbing vitamin B-12 shots.
at first, you may receive the shots every other day.
Eventually, you will need shots just once a month, which may continue for life, depending on your situation.
⦁ anemia of chronic disease:
there are no specific treatments for this type of anemia,
doctors focus on treating the underlying disease.
if symptoms become severe, a blood transfusion or injections of synthetic erythropoietin, a hormone normally produced by your kidneys, may help stimulate red blood cell production and ease fatigue.
⦁ aplastic anemia:
treatment for this type of anemia may include blood transfusions to boost levels of red blood cells. you may need a bone marrow is diseased and can not make healthy blood cells.
⦁ anemia associated with bone marrow disease:
treatment of these various diseases can include medication, chemotherapy, or bone marrow transplantation
⦁ hemolytic anemia:
Managing hemolytic anemia includes avoiding suspect medications, treating related infections, and taking drugs that suppress your immune system,
which may be attacking your red blood cells.
depending on the severity of your anemia, a blood transfusion or plasmapheresis may be necessary.
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